WASHINGTON: The global economy is facing a “delicate moment,” beset with risks as the recovery loses steam amid trade tensions, Brexit and other factors, the International Monetary Fund warned Tuesday.
The IMF’s World Economic Outlook once again downgraded global growth to 3.3pc for 2019, two tenths lower than the global crisis lender forecast in January and four-tenths lower than October.
And while world growth is expected to pick up in the second half of this year and hit 3.6pc in 2020, many things will have to go right for that to happen, including a resolution of President Donald Trump’s trade battle with China.
The quarterly report “projects a slowdown in growth in 2019 for 70pc of the world economy,” IMF chief economist Gita Gopinath said in a statement, but stressed that “global recession is not in the baseline.”
The euro area is likely to slow sharply, particularly in Germany, where the GDP forecast was cut by a half point, and Italy, which has slowed to a virtual standstill, according to the quarterly report.
And amid the turmoil over its exit from the European Union, the IMF downgraded the outlook for Britain this year and next, warning of a severe impact if London crashes out with no agreement.
Emerging economic powers China and India continue to show the highest growth rates — 6.3pc and 7.3pc, respectively. Beijing has rolled out a series of fiscal stimulus measures to counteract the hit from the US trade war as well as the clampdown on the boom in lending, but India’s growth was downgraded by two-tenths of a point.
And while the recent signs that officials in Washington and Beijing are engineering a trade deal have calmed some of the nerves in financial markets, the solution is by no means certain.
‘PRECARIOUS’ RECOVERY
The report cautions that downside risks to the outlook continue to dominate: trade tensions could flare up again, and there is risk of a “no-deal Brexit withdrawal” or persistent slowing of economic activity.
“This is a delicate moment for the global economy,” Gopinath said. “This recovery is precarious and predicated on a rebound in emerging market and developing economies,” including Argentina and Turkey.
She urged policymakers to steer clear of potential pitfalls, and warned that if “any of the major risks materialize, then the expected recoveries… may be derailed.”
“Given these risks, it is imperative that costly policy mistakes are avoided,” she said, urging cooperation among governments — especially in trade conflicts — to avoid fueling uncertainty that could contribute to a slowdown.
The challenge to policymakers is they have little ammunition with which to counteract a slowdown since interest rates are low and most central banks already have stopped raising or started cutting rates, while debt levels are high, crimping the ability to provide fiscal stimulus.
Gopinath told reporters there is some room to use monetary policy to support economies, as long as inflation remains low.
But critically, a “durable resolution of trade uncertainty” created by the US and China would be “very positive for global growth,” she said in a press briefing, also warning against expanding the dispute to more sectors.
SLOWER TRADE
The broad-based slowdown, most notably in advanced economies, was larger than expected and apparently due to the “souring of market sentiment,” partly due to the trade tensions, the IMF said.
Trump’s aggressive trade policies, largely but not exclusively aimed at China, left US products open to retaliation in the form of steep tariffs. But inflation pressures remained muted despite the new duties, which raised the costs of hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of imports.
Trump also has threatened tariffs on European autos, and on Tuesday said he was prepared to unleash punitive measures against $11 billion in imports including helicopters, aircraft parts and gouda cheese over subsidies to aviation giant Airbus.
Global trade growth has slowed sharply from its peak in late 2017, and expectations for future business activity have weakened, pointing to slowing momentum ahead, the IMF said.
Growth in advanced economies next year presents a mixed picture. The United States and Japan are expected to slow further next year, with US GDP adding 1.9pc, and Japan’s just 0.5pc, half of this year’s rate.
But with temporary factors waning, Germany’s growth is projected to accelerate to 1.4pc and Italy to 0.9pc.
Spain is the strong performer in the euro area with 2.1pc growth in 2019, and 1.9pc in 2020.
In the major emerging markets, China’s expansion will slow to 6.1pc, while India continues to accelerate to 7.5pc.
The IMF downgraded the outlook for Mexico sharply, cutting a half point off the estimate to 1.6pc this year and 1.9pc in 2020.
