The IMF, in an update to its World Economic Outlook growth forecasts, said that the United States, as the focus of retaliatory tariffs from trading partners, was especially vulnerable to a slowdown in its exports. An escalation of tariffs to levels threatened by the United States, China, and other countries would not only have a direct effect on demand but would heighten uncertainty and hurt investment, the IMF said.
“Our modelling suggests that if current trade policy threats are realised and business confidence falls as a result, the global output could be about 0.5% below current projections by 2020,” IMF chief economist Maury Obstfeld said in a statement. “As the focus of global retaliation, the United States finds a relatively high share of its exports taxed in global markets in such a broader trade conflict, and it is therefore especially vulnerable,” Obstfeld added.
The IMF left unchanged its global growth forecasts at 3.9% for both 2018 and 2019, compared to its previous forecast issued in April. Forecasts for the United States and China were both unchanged, with US growth pegged at 2.9% in 2018 and 2.7% in 2019. China’s growth was forecast at 6.6% in 2018 and 6.4% in 2019. But the Fund cut its 2018 growth forecasts for eurozone countries, Japan, and Britain, citing a softer than expected first quarter performance coupled with tighter financial conditions partly due to political uncertainty.
The euro zone’s 2018 growth forecast was cut to 2.2% from 2.4%, with Britain cut to 1.4% from 1.6%. Japan’s growth projection was cut to 1% from 1.2%. The IMF also trimmed 2018 forecasts for some emerging market countries, notably a half percentage point cut for Brazil to 1.8% due to the lingering effects of labour strikes and political uncertainty.
The Fund also cut India’s growth rate by a tenth of a point to 7.5% due to the negative effects of higher oil prices on domestic demand and faster than anticipated monetary policy tightening due to higher inflation. The IMF revised slightly upward 2018 forecasts for Saudi Arabia and several Commonwealth of Independent States countries other than Russia.
