TOKYO: Japanese automakers that rely heavily on exports to sell their models in the United States would be hardest hit by trade restrictions the country is threatening to impose, as rivals with more limited exposure focus on growing, niche markets.
Many Japanese automakers count the United States as their biggest market, so would be impacted to a degree by any trade constraints put in place as a result of US President Donald Trump’s hard line on the issue.
Ahead of a flurry of Japanese automaker full-year results reports, analysts said Mazda Motor Corp is most exposed to any trade restrictions in the world’s biggest car market after China, and their knock-on effects.
Mazda’s operating profit could be cut by 8.5 per cent in the year to March 2019 as it faces risks from a stronger yen if the trade uncertainties weaken the US dollar, while any trade restrictions would raise the cost of imported cars from Japan, they said. Higher research and development costs and other capital spending could also weigh.
One of Japan’s smaller brands, Mazda counts North America as a top market but does not produce any vehicles in the United States, making it vulnerable to currency swings and changes in trade rules.
Japan’s “Big 3” carmakers, Toyota Motor, Nissan Motor and Honda Motor, face risks if an updated North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) raises tariffs on vehicles and parts made in Mexico, where all three operate plants, and Canada, where Toyota and Honda build vehicles.
But their relatively higher US production levels than their smaller rivals and more diverse regional manufacturing and sales footprint could help to cushion any impact.
Analysts polled by an international news agency expect Toyota to see a 2.6 per cent slide in operating profit in the year to March 2019, a smaller decline than the one expected in Mazda results.
Nissan and Honda, among the Japanese automakers with the most production in North America, could see profit rises of 9 per cent and nearly 6 per cent, respectively, they forecast.
Trump, who withdrew the United States from multi-lateral TPP trade talks, wants to negotiate a bilateral trade deal with Japan. He is also pushing for new terms for the NAFTA and has been considering tougher environmental rules for imported cars to protect US automakers.
Japanese automakers are already struggling with sluggish sales in North America due to falling demand for sedans, a mainstay of their offering, and deeper discounts to shore up sales are hitting margins.
“(W)e see risks to the sustainability of export operations at Mazda Motor and Mitsubishi Motors, which are highly exposed to exports and have no production bases in the US at present,” Nomura analyst Masataka Kunugimoto said in a research note earlier this month.
While analysts expect Mazda to post a median fall in operating profit of 8.5 per cent in the financial year underway, some forecasts are for a much steeper decline. A fall would reverse a 20 percent rise forecast for the year ended March 2018 as a weaker yen boosted its earnings.
Mazda sold roughly 1.6 million vehicles globally in the year to March 2017, nearly 20 percent of them – all imported – in the United States.
Both Mazda and bigger rival Toyota see roughly 30 per cent of their global sales from the United States, Canada and Mexico, but around 70 per cent of the nearly 3 million cars Toyota currently sells in North America are produced locally in North America.
Mazda, which operates a factory in Mexico, announced earlier this year that it and Toyota would jointly build a manufacturing plant in Alabama, although vehicle production will not begin until 2021.
Mitsubishi Motors plans to grow US sales from low levels in the coming years but tighter trade rules could stymie those plans.
“I’d be surprised if we have a lot of companies forecasting significant growth,” CLSA analyst Chris Richter said.
As US sales growth stagnates, Japanese automakers are focusing more on Asia. Mazda has been growing sales in China, which is set to overtake the United States as its biggest market in the year just ended.
Nissan earlier this month launched its new Terra model, a crossover SUV designed specifically for the Asian market, while at the Beijing Motor Show this week, both Nissan and Honda showed new battery-electric models for the Chinese market which will go on sale later this year.
Nomura’s Kunugimoto and other analysts see brighter earnings prospects for Suzuki Motor given Japan’s automaker counts on India for roughly half its total global vehicle sales and production. Suzuki does not market cars in the US market.
Suzuki is set to outperform most of Japan’s major automakers, with a median consensus for a 6 per cent rise in operating profit in the year to March 2019, following an expected 33 per cent jump in the year just ended.
Mitsubishi Motors is also benefiting from a long-standing focus on Asian. This week, it launched exports of its Xpander multi-purpose vehicle across Southeast Asia following strong demand for the Asian model, which debuted in Indonesia last year.
Asia accounts for roughly a third of Mitsubishi Motor’s global vehicle sales and the automaker has been increasing production capabilities in Indonesia.
